SIMPLE AND COMPLEX OXIDES

By means of flux method a great number of oxide crystals were grown, such as MgO, ZnO, beta-Ga2O3, CaTiO3, SrTiO3, KNbO3, KTaO3, MgWO4, ZnWO4, Ba(Bi1-xPbx)O3, LiNbO3.

So, small but perfect magnesium oxide MgO crystals were grown using fluxed melts in the systems MgO - P2O5 - WO3 and Na2O - MgO - P2O5 - WO3 with the spontaneous formation of crystallization centers or on a seed under fixed temperature gradient. Typical sizes of the crystals were of about 3 mm with the growth velocity near to 1 mm/day. Piezoelectric and semiconducting zinkite crystals ZnO in the form of platelets of 5-15 mm were grown from the melts of systems Zn0 - ZnF2 - Na2O - WO3 and ZnO - MoO3. Single crystals of beta- Ga2O3 up to 2-4 mm could be obtained from fluxed melts in system Na20 - Ga2O3 - WO3.


Temperature dependencies of the reciprocal dielectric permeability in paraelectric phase of KNbO3 crystals doped with Al (1), Ti (2), undoped (3), La (4), Ce (5), and La+Al (6).
Perfect perovskite-family ferroelectric single crystals of KNbO3 and KTaO3, pure and doped with heterovalent elements, with sizes up to 15-30 mm were obtained from the melts of binary systems K2O - Nb2O5(Ta2O5). Their electrical conductivity and dielectric properties and some peculiarities of ferroelectric phase transitions were investigated.

The well known nonlinear-optical LiNbO3 crystals can easily be grown by Czochralski method, but in the present work the growth from fluxes with B2O3, V2O5 or WO3 at temperatures below their ferroelectric transition point was used in order to study their natural crystal form and domain structure under conditions where temperature gradients and external electric fields are absent. As a rule such the crystals had sizes 5-10 mm, were single-domain, and their faces coincided with the rhombohedral planes {1012}.

Crystals of one of the first oxide superconductor, perovskite-like Ba(Bi1-xPbx)O3, were grown from fluxed melts BaO - PbO - Bi2O3 - KF.



Some publications:

  1. Growth of single crystals of high-temperature oxides. V.K.Yanovskii. Zh. Vses. Khim. O-va im D.I.Mendeleeva, 1968, v.13, p.134.
  2. Growth of MgO single crystals in MgO - P2O5 - WO3 and MgO - Na2O - P2O5 - WO3 systems. D.O.Brodichko, V.K.Yanovskii, and V.A.Koptsik. Neorgan. Mater., 1968, v.12, p.2158.
  3. Growth of beta-Ga2O3 and Al2(WO4)3 crystals from sodium polytungstate flux. V.I.Voronkova, V.K.Yanovskii, and V.A.Koptsik. Vestnik Mosk. Univ., Fiz.,Astron., 1968, v.23, p.109.
  4. Growth of optical-quality KNbO3 crystals from a flux. M.A.Gaffar, V.A.Koptsik, and V.K.Yanovskii. Kristallografiya, 1976, v.21, p.626.
  5. Crystallization of LiNbO3 from solution in borate, vanadate and tungstate melts. V.I.Voronkova, N.F.Evlanova, V.K.Yanovskii. Kristallografiya, 1978, v.23, p.234.
  6. Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the doped KNbO3 crystals. V.K.Yanovskii. Fiz. Tverdogo tela, 1980, v.22, p.2201.
  7. Thermodynamic description of ferroelectric phase transition in the KNbO3 crystals. V.K.Yanovskii. Fiz. Tverdogo tela, 1980, v.22, p.3714.
  8. Phase transitions and properties of doped KNbO3 crystals. V.K.Yanovskii. Phys. stat. sol. (a) , 1984, v.81, p.399.
  9. Flux growth and properties of oxide crystals. V.I.Voronkova, V.K.Yanovskii, I.V.Vodolazskaya, and E.S.Shubentsova. Growth of Crystals, v.19. Consultants Burea, N.Y.,1993, p.111.


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