SIMPLE AND COMPLEX
OXIDES
By means of flux method a great number of oxide crystals were grown,
such as MgO, ZnO, beta-Ga2O3,
CaTiO3, SrTiO3, KNbO3,
KTaO3, MgWO4, ZnWO4,
Ba(Bi1-xPbx)O3,
LiNbO3.
So, small but perfect magnesium oxide MgO crystals were grown using
fluxed melts in the systems MgO - P2O5 -
WO3 and Na2O - MgO -
P2O5 - WO3 with the spontaneous
formation of crystallization centers or
on a seed under fixed temperature gradient.
Typical sizes of
the crystals were of about 3 mm with the growth velocity near to 1
mm/day. Piezoelectric
and semiconducting zinkite crystals ZnO in the form of
platelets of 5-15 mm were grown from the melts of systems Zn0 -
ZnF2 - Na2O - WO3 and ZnO -
MoO3. Single crystals of beta-
Ga2O3 up to 2-4 mm could be obtained from fluxed
melts in system Na20 - Ga2O3 -
WO3.

Temperature dependencies of the reciprocal dielectric permeability in
paraelectric phase of KNbO3 crystals doped with Al (1), Ti (2),
undoped (3),
La (4), Ce (5), and La+Al (6). |
Perfect perovskite-family ferroelectric single crystals of
KNbO3 and KTaO3, pure and doped with
heterovalent elements,
with sizes up to 15-30 mm were obtained from the melts of
binary systems K2O -
Nb2O5(Ta2O5).
Their electrical
conductivity and dielectric properties and some peculiarities of
ferroelectric phase transitions were investigated.
The well known nonlinear-optical LiNbO3 crystals can
easily be grown by
Czochralski method, but in the present work the growth from
fluxes with B2O3,
V2O5 or WO3 at temperatures below
their ferroelectric transition
point was used in order to study their natural crystal
form and domain structure under
conditions where temperature gradients and
external electric fields are
absent. As a rule such the crystals had sizes 5-10 mm,
were single-domain,
and their faces coincided with the rhombohedral planes
{1012}.
Crystals of one of the first oxide superconductor, perovskite-like
Ba(Bi1-xPbx)O3, were grown from
fluxed melts BaO - PbO - Bi2O3 - KF.
Some publications:
- Growth of single
crystals of high-temperature oxides. V.K.Yanovskii. Zh.
Vses. Khim. O-va im D.I.Mendeleeva, 1968, v.13, p.134.
- Growth of MgO single crystals in MgO -
P2O5 - WO3 and MgO -
Na2O - P2O5 -
WO3 systems. D.O.Brodichko, V.K.Yanovskii, and V.A.Koptsik.
Neorgan. Mater., 1968, v.12, p.2158.
- Growth of beta-Ga2O3 and
Al2(WO4)3 crystals from sodium
polytungstate flux.
V.I.Voronkova, V.K.Yanovskii, and V.A.Koptsik. Vestnik
Mosk. Univ., Fiz.,Astron., 1968, v.23, p.109.
- Growth of optical-quality KNbO3 crystals from a flux.
M.A.Gaffar, V.A.Koptsik,
and V.K.Yanovskii. Kristallografiya, 1976,
v.21, p.626.
- Crystallization of
LiNbO3 from solution in borate, vanadate
and tungstate melts. V.I.Voronkova, N.F.Evlanova, V.K.Yanovskii.
Kristallografiya, 1978, v.23, p.234.
- Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the doped
KNbO3 crystals. V.K.Yanovskii. Fiz. Tverdogo tela,
1980, v.22, p.2201.
- Thermodynamic description of ferroelectric phase transition in the
KNbO3 crystals. V.K.Yanovskii. Fiz. Tverdogo tela,
1980, v.22, p.3714.
- Phase transitions and properties of doped KNbO3 crystals.
V.K.Yanovskii. Phys. stat. sol. (a) , 1984, v.81, p.399.
- Flux growth and properties of oxide crystals. V.I.Voronkova,
V.K.Yanovskii,
I.V.Vodolazskaya, and E.S.Shubentsova. Growth of Crystals, v.19.
Consultants Burea, N.Y.,1993, p.111.
Back to Scientific Tasks and Results